Osteoarthritis treatment options
OA cannot be cured, but evidence-based treatment significantly improves pain and function. NICE recommends a combined approach centred on exercise, weight management, and pain relief.
Treatment approaches
Exercise therapy
Strength training and aerobic activity reduce knee and hip pain more reliably than any other non-surgical treatment.
Weight management
Every kilogram lost reduces knee joint load by up to four kilograms during walking.
Topical NSAIDs
First-line pharmacological option for hand and knee OA per NICE 2022 guidance.
Oral NSAIDs and paracetamol
Short-term use for flare control, taken at the lowest effective dose.
Steroid injections
Short-term relief for severe flares — typically no more than three per year per joint.
Joint replacement surgery
Considered when conservative treatment no longer controls pain or function.
This is general information, not a substitute for personalised medical advice.
Frequently asked questions
What is the best treatment for osteoarthritis in the UK?
UK treatment for osteoarthritis follows NICE guidance and usually combines self-management (exercise, weight control, pacing), pain relief, and — where needed — specialist medication or therapy. There is no single "best" option; the right plan depends on the type, severity and joints involved.
Can osteoarthritis be cured?
Most forms of oa cannot be cured, but they can be very effectively managed. With the right combination of exercise, medication, and lifestyle support, many people maintain a full and active life.
What painkillers help osteoarthritis?
Common options include paracetamol, topical or oral NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen) and, for inflammatory types, prescription medication such as DMARDs or biologics. Always take pain relief at the lowest effective dose and ask your GP or pharmacist about interactions.
Do I need a referral to see a rheumatologist for oa?
Yes — in the UK, you'll usually need a referral from your GP to access UK healthcare rheumatology services. If your GP suspects an inflammatory arthritis, NICE recommends urgent referral so that treatment can start early.
Are there free UK healthcare resources for osteoarthritis treatment?
Yes. UK healthcare physiotherapy, occupational therapy, pain clinics and self-management programmes are available — many free at the point of use. Ask your GP or check the UK healthcare system website for services in your area.