What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis in the UK. It happens when protective cartilage on the ends of your bones wears down over time, most often in knees, hips, hands and spine. Symptoms include joint pain that worsens with activity, morning stiffness under 30 minutes, swelling and reduced movement. It's manageable with exercise, weight control, and, when needed, medication or joint replacement.
Last updated 2026-07-01. This is general information, not a substitute for personalised medical advice.
Frequently asked questions
Can osteoarthritis be reversed?
No, cartilage loss can't currently be reversed, but symptoms and progression can be significantly slowed with exercise, weight management and joint-friendly activity.
What's the best exercise for osteoarthritis?
Low-impact aerobic exercise (walking, cycling, swimming) plus strength training around the affected joint. NICE recommends 30 minutes most days.
Does osteoarthritis show on an X-ray?
Yes — X-rays show joint space narrowing and bone spurs, though symptoms don't always match imaging severity.
When should I see a GP?
If joint pain limits daily activity, wakes you at night, or hasn't improved after 6 weeks of self-management, book a GP appointment.