What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), or axial spondyloarthritis, is a long-term inflammatory arthritis mainly affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. It typically starts in the late teens or twenties with gradual lower back pain and morning stiffness that improves with movement. Daily exercise, physio and biologic drugs keep the spine flexible.
Last updated 2026-07-01. This is general information, not a substitute for personalised medical advice.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis?
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is the umbrella term. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the form of axSpA where damage to the sacroiliac joints is visible on an X-ray. Non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) is the same condition earlier in its course — visible only on MRI. Treatment is the same for both.
What is the first sign of ankylosing spondylitis?
The earliest sign is usually persistent lower back or buttock pain that comes on slowly before age 45, is worse in the morning, lasts over 30 minutes and improves with movement.
Is ankylosing spondylitis a disability?
AS is recognised under the UK Equality Act 2010 as it can have a long-term substantial effect on daily activities. Many people qualify for reasonable adjustments at work and may be eligible for PIP.
Can ankylosing spondylitis be cured?
There is no cure, but biologics, NSAIDs and daily exercise can keep inflammation under control and prevent spinal damage for most people.
What is the HLA-B27 test?
A blood test that checks for the HLA-B27 gene, found in around 90% of UK people with AS. A positive test alone doesn't diagnose AS — it's used alongside symptoms and MRI scans.
Should I exercise if my back hurts?
Yes — gentle, regular movement is the single most important treatment for AS. Pain that eases with activity is typical. A physiotherapist can build a safe, progressive programme.