Osteoarthritis symptoms — what to look for
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis in the UK, affecting around 8.5 million adults. Symptoms develop gradually as cartilage wears down in weight-bearing and high-use joints — most often the knees, hips, hands, and spine.
Common symptoms of osteoarthritis
- Joint pain that worsens with activity and eases with rest
- Morning stiffness lasting under 30 minutes
- Reduced range of motion in the affected joint
- Grating or crunching sensations (crepitus)
- Mild swelling around the joint, especially after use
- Bony enlargements at the finger joints (Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes)
When to see your GP
Book a GP appointment if joint pain has lasted more than a few weeks, is limiting daily activities, or is accompanied by significant swelling, locking, or giving way.
This is general information, not a substitute for personalised medical advice.
Frequently asked questions
What are the first signs of osteoarthritis?
The earliest signs of osteoarthritis often include joint pain, stiffness — particularly in the morning or after rest — and reduced flexibility in the affected area. Symptoms typically develop gradually, so keep a short symptom diary and speak to your GP if pain persists for more than a few weeks.
How is osteoarthritis diagnosed in the UK?
In the UK, GPs diagnose osteoarthritis from your symptoms, a clinical examination, and — where appropriate — blood tests, X-rays, ultrasound or MRI. For inflammatory types, your GP may refer you to UK healthcare rheumatology for specialist review under NICE guidance.
Can oa symptoms come and go?
Yes. Many people with oa experience flares — periods of worse pain, swelling and stiffness — followed by quieter spells. Tracking your flares helps you and your GP spot triggers and adjust treatment.
When should I see a GP about osteoarthritis symptoms?
Book a GP appointment if joint pain has lasted more than a few weeks, is interfering with sleep or daily life, or is accompanied by swelling, warmth, locking or unexplained fatigue. Early assessment leads to better long-term outcomes.
Is osteoarthritis the same as general arthritis pain?
No — there are over 100 forms of arthritis, and osteoarthritis has its own pattern of symptoms, affected joints and treatment pathway. Getting the right diagnosis matters because the most effective treatments differ between conditions.