Knee arthritis symptoms
Knee osteoarthritis is the most common cause of long-term knee pain in UK adults. Symptoms usually develop gradually over years.
Common symptoms of knee arthritis
- Knee pain that worsens with walking, stairs, or kneeling
- Stiffness, particularly after sitting for long periods
- Swelling around the knee, especially after activity
- Grating or clicking sensations during movement
- Knee giving way or feeling unstable
- Reduced ability to fully straighten or bend the knee
When to see your GP
See your GP if knee pain has lasted more than a few weeks, is limiting your daily activities, or is accompanied by significant swelling, locking, or giving way.
This is general information, not a substitute for personalised medical advice.
Frequently asked questions
What are the first signs of knee arthritis?
The earliest signs of knee arthritis often include joint pain, stiffness — particularly in the morning or after rest — and reduced flexibility in the affected area. Symptoms typically develop gradually, so keep a short symptom diary and speak to your GP if pain persists for more than a few weeks.
How is knee arthritis diagnosed in the UK?
In the UK, GPs diagnose knee arthritis from your symptoms, a clinical examination, and — where appropriate — blood tests, X-rays, ultrasound or MRI. For inflammatory types, your GP may refer you to UK healthcare rheumatology for specialist review under NICE guidance.
Can knee oa symptoms come and go?
Yes. Many people with knee oa experience flares — periods of worse pain, swelling and stiffness — followed by quieter spells. Tracking your flares helps you and your GP spot triggers and adjust treatment.
When should I see a GP about knee arthritis symptoms?
Book a GP appointment if joint pain has lasted more than a few weeks, is interfering with sleep or daily life, or is accompanied by swelling, warmth, locking or unexplained fatigue. Early assessment leads to better long-term outcomes.
Is knee arthritis the same as general arthritis pain?
No — there are over 100 forms of arthritis, and knee arthritis has its own pattern of symptoms, affected joints and treatment pathway. Getting the right diagnosis matters because the most effective treatments differ between conditions.