What is Colchicine?
Colchicine is a medication derived from the autumn crocus plant (Colchicum autumnale). It has been used for centuries to treat gout. Today, it is one of the most effective and recommended treatments for acute gout attacks and is also used to prevent recurrent gout. It is sometimes also used for other conditions including familial Mediterranean fever and pericarditis (inflammation around the heart).
How Does it Work?
Colchicine works by reducing the inflammation caused by uric acid crystals in the joint. It interferes with the migration of white blood cells (neutrophils) to the inflamed joint, thereby reducing the inflammatory response and the pain and swelling of a gout attack.
How to Take it
For an acute gout attack, colchicine is most effective when taken within the first 12–24 hours of an attack starting. The usual dose is 500 micrograms 2–3 times daily. For prevention of recurrent attacks, a low dose is taken daily (usually 500 micrograms once or twice daily).
Side Effects
- Diarrhoea — the most common side effect, often dose-related
- Nausea and stomach cramps
- Vomiting
- In overdose, colchicine can be very dangerous — store safely away from children
Interactions
Colchicine can interact with several medications, including statins, clarithromycin, and ciclosporin, potentially increasing the risk of serious side effects. Always inform your doctor and pharmacist of all medications you take.