What is Ibuprofen?
Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter medications in the world, used to relieve mild to moderate pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. It is available in tablets, capsules, gels, and liquid form.
How Does it Work?
Like other NSAIDs, ibuprofen works by blocking enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) that produce prostaglandins — chemicals responsible for pain, inflammation, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin levels, ibuprofen effectively eases pain and reduces swelling.
What is it Used For?
- Headaches and migraines
- Dental pain
- Back pain and muscle aches
- Period pain
- Cold and flu symptoms
- Joint pain from arthritis
- Sprains and strains
- Fever in adults and children (specific children's formulations)
Dosage and How to Take it
Always take ibuprofen with or after food to protect the stomach. The usual adult dose is 200–400mg up to three times a day. Do not exceed 1,200mg in 24 hours unless directed by a doctor. Do not take for more than 10 days for pain, or 3 days for fever, without medical advice.
Side Effects
- Stomach pain, nausea, or indigestion
- Heartburn
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Raised blood pressure with prolonged use
- In rare cases: stomach ulcers, kidney problems, or allergic reactions
Who Should Avoid Ibuprofen?
Ibuprofen is not suitable for everyone. Avoid it if you have stomach ulcers, kidney disease, heart failure, or if you are in the third trimester of pregnancy. Children under 3 months should not be given ibuprofen. People with asthma should check with their doctor, as ibuprofen can trigger asthma attacks in some individuals.