Osteophytes are smooth bony outgrowths that form at the edges of a joint as it remodels in response to osteoarthritis. They are the body's attempt to spread load across a worn joint, but can restrict movement or press on nerves — for example in the spine where they can contribute to sciatica. Osteophytes on an X-ray, together with joint-space narrowing and subchondral bone changes, are one of the classic radiographic features clinicians use to grade osteoarthritis.
What is osteophyte?
Osteophyte: Osteophytes ('bone spurs') are bony outgrowths at the edges of joints damaged by osteoarthritis. Show clearly on X-rays. They can restrict movement and, in the spine, sometimes press on nerves — but many are painless.
Last updated 2026-07-04. This is general information, not a substitute for personalised medical advice.