What is Achilles Tendonitis?
Achilles tendonitis (or tendinopathy) is inflammation or degeneration of the Achilles tendon — the large tendon at the back of the ankle that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. It is one of the most common overuse injuries, particularly in runners and people who participate in sports involving jumping or sudden changes in direction.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Overuse — a sudden increase in training intensity or volume
- Tight or weak calf muscles
- Flat feet or high arches
- Running on hard or uneven surfaces
- Inappropriate or worn-out footwear
- Age — tendons become less flexible with age
- Certain medications (fluoroquinolone antibiotics) can weaken tendons
Symptoms
- Pain and stiffness along the Achilles tendon, especially in the morning
- Pain that worsens with activity
- Tenderness when touching the tendon
- Swelling or thickening of the tendon
- A crunching sensation when moving the ankle
Treatment
- Rest from aggravating activity
- Ice application
- Eccentric heel drop exercises — the most evidence-based treatment
- NSAIDs for pain and inflammation
- Heel lifts in shoes to reduce tendon stress
- Physiotherapy
- Shockwave therapy for stubborn cases