Overview
While naproxen is an effective anti-inflammatory and painkiller, like all NSAIDs it carries a risk of side effects. Most people tolerate naproxen well, especially when taken at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time. However, it is important to be aware of potential adverse effects, particularly with long-term use.
Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Gut) Effects
This is the most common category of naproxen side effects:
Always take naproxen with food or milk. A proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole) is usually co-prescribed for long-term use.
- Indigestion, heartburn, and stomach pain
- Nausea
- Stomach ulcers — naproxen reduces the stomach lining's protective mucus
- Gastrointestinal bleeding — a serious risk with long-term use; warning signs include dark, tarry stools or vomiting blood
Cardiovascular Effects
- Raised blood pressure
- Increased risk of heart attack and stroke with long-term high-dose use — particularly in people who already have cardiovascular disease
- Fluid retention and ankle swelling
Kidney Effects
- Reduced kidney function — particularly with dehydration, in older adults, or in those with existing kidney disease
- Sodium and fluid retention worsening kidney function
Other Side Effects
- Headache and dizziness
- Skin rashes and photosensitivity
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Allergic reactions — more common in people with aspirin-sensitive asthma
Minimising Risks
- Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time
- Always take with food
- Stay well hydrated
- Have regular blood pressure and kidney function checks if using long-term
- Report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor