Lupus symptoms
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition that can affect joints, skin, kidneys, blood, and other organs. Symptoms come and go in flares and remissions.
Common symptoms of lupus
- Joint pain and swelling, often in the hands, wrists, and knees
- Persistent fatigue
- Butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose, or sun-triggered rashes
- Hair thinning
- Mouth or nose ulcers
- Fevers, chest pain, or kidney involvement during flares
When to see your GP
See your GP if you have persistent unexplained fatigue, joint pain, rashes — particularly sun-triggered — or recurrent mouth ulcers. Blood tests can screen for lupus.
This is general information, not a substitute for personalised medical advice.
Frequently asked questions
What are the first signs of lupus?
The earliest signs of lupus often include joint pain, stiffness — particularly in the morning or after rest — and reduced flexibility in the affected area. Symptoms typically develop gradually, so keep a short symptom diary and speak to your GP if pain persists for more than a few weeks.
How is lupus diagnosed in the UK?
In the UK, GPs diagnose lupus from your symptoms, a clinical examination, and — where appropriate — blood tests, X-rays, ultrasound or MRI. For inflammatory types, your GP may refer you to UK healthcare rheumatology for specialist review under NICE guidance.
Can sle symptoms come and go?
Yes. Many people with sle experience flares — periods of worse pain, swelling and stiffness — followed by quieter spells. Tracking your flares helps you and your GP spot triggers and adjust treatment.
When should I see a GP about lupus symptoms?
Book a GP appointment if joint pain has lasted more than a few weeks, is interfering with sleep or daily life, or is accompanied by swelling, warmth, locking or unexplained fatigue. Early assessment leads to better long-term outcomes.
Is lupus the same as general arthritis pain?
No — there are over 100 forms of arthritis, and lupus has its own pattern of symptoms, affected joints and treatment pathway. Getting the right diagnosis matters because the most effective treatments differ between conditions.